How to Shutdown the Oracle database
Various modes to shutdown the database are
- Shutdown immediate
- Shutdown transactional
- Shutdown normal
- Shutdown abort
No further logins will be permitted once you issue any of these Shutdown commands.
SQL>Shutdown Immediate -- this is the best method for shutting down the database
Oracle Database stops any executing SQL statements and disconnects users. Active transactions are terminated and uncommitted changes are rolled back and No further logins will be permitted.
SQL>Shutdown Transactional
This mode stops users from logging in , but waits for all current transactions to complete before shutting down. This may take long hours to complete as per the active transactions at that particular instance.
SQL>Shutdown Normal
This mode the database waits for all connected users to disconnect before shutting down. It waits till all the current transactions end.
SQL> Shutdown Abort -- It is better to avoid this unless it is the only option available
This is the fastest shutdown mode. Instance recovery is required in the next startup and hence it will take time.
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Oracle